国际货代英语Unit1.pptVIP

Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade 1. IT is typically more costly than domestic trade. 2. Factors of production (capital labor) More costly than domestic trade The reason is that crossing a national border typically involves additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays, and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system, or a different culture. ------ P1 Risks in IT KEY POINTS Economic risks include the risk of insolvency1 of the buyer; the risk of the failure2 of the buyer to pay the amount due3 within six months after the due3 date; the risk of non-acceptance4; the risk of exchange rate5, and so on. insolvency: 无力偿还，破产 5. exchange rate: 外汇汇率 failure: 失败，无支付能力 due: 到期 non-acceptance: 不接受，不兑现 KEY POINTS Political risks include the risk of cancellation1 or non-renewal2 of export or import licenses3; war risks; risk of expropriation4 or confiscation5 of the importer’s company; risk of the imposition of an import ban6 after the shipment of the goods; cancellation: 注销，作废，取消 5. confiscation: 没收, 充公, 征用 non-renewal ：不更换 6. import ban: 进口禁令（ban: 禁令） license: 许可（证），执照 expropriation: 征用, 收用, 征收 KEY POINTS Transfer risk1— imposition2 of exchange controls3 by the importer’s country or foreign currency4 shortages5; and influence of political parties6 on an importer’s company. transfer risk: 转让风险（transfer: 交付，转让（财产等）） imposition: 强迫接受，征税，负担 exchange controls: 外汇管制 foreign currency ：外币 shortage: 缺乏，不足 6. political parties: 政党 Functions of WTO Cooperate with the IMF and the World Bank Introduction to WTO The World Trade Organization1 is best described as an umbrella2 organization under which the agreements3 that came out of the Uruguay Round4 of multilateral trade negotiations5 are gathered6. WTO=the World Trade Organization umbrella organization: 联盟组织，各种团体联合在一起的组织 （umbrella: 通常为名词，雨伞；在这里作为形容词理解“包罗万象的” agreement: 契约, 协议, 协定 the Uruguay Roun