胡学军、涂书田-司法裁判中的隐性知识论纲.docVIP

载《现代法学》2010年第5期 司法裁判中的隐性知识论纲 胡学军 涂书田( （清华大学法学院，北京 100084；南昌大学法学院，江西南昌 330047） 内容摘要：作为现代认识论的重要课题的隐性知识论的价值不仅在于揭示了隐性知识的存在，更在于论证了知识的本质是隐性的。司法隐性知识问题在当代英美法系司法实践中得以显现并在相关法学著述中多有表述。在我国，司法隐性知识也广泛存在于案件裁判的事实建构与法律发现诸环节中，并在司法判案中有它特定的位置。司法前见、一般推理、事实解释、图式加工、事实剪裁、经验参与、结果导向、观念辐射等都是对司法隐性知识的艰难表述。连接隐性知识与既定法律规范依赖于法律修辞，裁判凭藉判决修辞而获得形式正当性并为公众更好的接受。现代诉讼程序规则是激励与规制司法隐性知识运用的制度环境，司法隐性知识的研究对当前我国法治文化建设具有特别重要的启示意义。 关键词：司法隐性知识；实证考察；判决修辞；规制；意义 Outline of the Judges Judicial Tacit Knowledge HU Xue-jun; TU Shu-tian Abstract: As the important subject of contemporary epistemology, the value of tacit knowledge theory lies not only reveals the existence of tacit knowledge, but also because it demonstrates the nature of knowledge is implicit. Tacit knowledge of justice issues can be seen in the judicial practice in contemporary Anglo-American law system and have expressed in many writings of law. In China, the judicial tacit knowledge is also widely present in the cases of fact-construction and law-discovery, it also has a specific position in the judicial process. Judicial preconceptions, general reasoning, fact interpretation ，schema processing, fact tailoring, Judicial experience participation, results-oriented, radiation of the concept, are all difficult expression of the judicial tacit knowledge. Connect tacit knowledge and legal norms depends on the legal rhetoric, Judgments obtained it’s legitimacy and public acceptance through the rhetorical. The modern rules of procedure is the environment to stimulate and regulate the use of judicial tacit knowledge. Study of the judicial tacit knowledge, it is particularly important instructive to the Cultural construction of rule of law in our country. Keywords: judicial tacit knowledge; empirical investigation; judicial rhetoric; regulation; significance 话语的艰难固然反映了主流话语的强势地位，但是也更反映了我们中国法学家还没有为那些弱势话语提供一种话语的空间，没有为它们提供基本的命题、概念和术语，没有提供一种“天经地义”的理论和语言框架。——苏力[] 一、隐性知识论及司法隐性知识 对默会认识(tacit knowing)或隐性知识(tacit knowledge)的研究是现代认识论的重要课题。自1958年英国科学家、哲学家波兰尼提出“显性知识”和“隐性知识”的知