《TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING》.pdfVIP

1 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - Bond between ions whose charges attract each other - One atom gives electrons and one atom takes electrons. Example Na+ Cl- ionic bond Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital F – F covalent bond - both fluorine atoms “own” electrons within bond OCTET RULE – Generally atoms prefer electron configurations with 8 valence electrons. - Filled s and p subshells Atoms bond with each other so that every atom has 8 electrons in its outer shell. - Atoms may take electrons from each other or they may share electrons. Octet rule is able to explain a lot of chemistry. I. e., it is able to explain why certain elements combine together in specific proportions. Exceptions to the octet rule are plentiful. We will consider these later. 2 LEWIS STRUCTURES Only valence electrons are important in bonding. Lewis dot structures show valence electrons surrounding atom. We visualize the four valence orbitals of an atom as the sides of a box. Electrons are put into orbitals according to Hund’s rule. Examples Be has 2 valence electrons. Therefore Lewis structure is Be N has 5 valence electrons. N Therefore Lewis structure is Br has 7 valence electrons. Br Therefore Lewis structure is C has 4 valence electrons. C Therefore Lewis structure is IONIC BONDING (again) - Oppositely charged ions attract