2011丘成桐大学生竞赛.pdf

S.-T. Yau College Student Mathematics Contests 2011 Applied Math., Computational Math., Probability and Statistics Individual 6:30–9:00 pm, July 9, 2011 (Please select 5 problems to solve) 1. Given a weight function , let the inner-product correspond- ing to be defined as follows: and let . (1) Define a sequence of polynomials as follows: where Show that is an orthogonal sequence of monic polyno- mials. (2) Let be an orthogonal sequence of monic polynomials corresponding to the inner product. (A polynomial is called monic if its leading coefficient is 1.) Show that is unique and it minimizes amongst all monic polynomials of degree . (3) Hence or otherwise, show that if and , then the corresponding orthogonal sequence is the Cheby- shev polynomials: and the following recurrent formula holds: (4) Find the best quadratic approximation to on using . 1 Applied Math. Prob. Stat., 2011-Individual 2 2. If two polynomials and , both of fifth degree, satisfy