麻省理工学院电磁学ch4bgauss_law.pdf

Chapter 4 Gauss’s Law 4.1 Electric Flux 1 4.2 Gauss’s Law 2 Example 4.1: Infinitely Long Rod of Uniform Charge Density 7 Example 4.2: Infinite Plane of Charge 9 Example 4.3: Spherical Shell 11 Example 4.4: Non-Conducting Solid Sphere 13 4.3 Conductors 14 Example 4.5: Conductor with Charge Inside a Cavity 17 Example 4.6: Electric Potential Due to a Spherical Shell 18 4.4 Force on a Conductor 21 4.5 Summary 23 4.6 Appendix: Tensions and Pressures 24 Animation 4.1: Charged Particle Moving in a Constant Electric Field 25 Animation 4.2: Charged Particle at Rest in a Time-Varying Field 26 Animation 4.3: Like and Unlike Charges Hanging from Pendulums 28 4.7 Problem-Solving Strategies 29 4.8 Solved Problems 31 4.8.1 Two Parallel Infinite Non-Conducting Planes 31 4.8.2 Electric Flux Through a Square Surface 32 4.8.3 Gauss’s Law for Gravity 34 4.8.4 Electric Potential of a Uniformly Charged Sphere 34 4.9 Conceptual Questions 36 4.10 Additional Problems 36 4.10.1 Non-Conducting Solid Sphere with a Cavity 36 4.10.2 P-N Junction 36 4.10.3 Sphere with Non-Uniform Charge Distribution 37 4.10.4 Thin Slab 37 4.10.5 Electric Potential Energy of a Solid Sphere 38 4.10.6 Calculating Electric Field from Electrical Potential 38 0 Gauss’s Law 4.1 Electric Flux In Chapter 2 we showed that the strength of an electric field is proportional to the number of field lines per area. The number of electric field lines that penetrates a given surface is called an “electric