Ezra+Pound创新.pptVIP

Topics for today Imagist movement Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams The Imagist movement included English and American poets in the early twentieth century who wrote free verse and were devoted to “clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images.” Image, or imagery in criticism is variable in meaning. Its applications range all the way from the “mental pictures” which, it is sometimes claimed, are experienced by the reader of a poem, to the totality of the components which make up a poem. Pound’s definition of the image was “that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.” C. Day Lewis stated that an image “is a picture made out of words,” and that “a poem may itself be an image composed from a multiplicity of images.” 1. Background French symbolism Ancient Chinese poetry Japanese haiku（俳句） Ancient Chinese poetry 天净沙·秋思 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家， 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下 断肠人在天涯。 Thoughts on Autumn to the tune of Sky Scouring Sand A withered vine, an old trees gaunt and a raven croaking on high; A small bridge, the murmuring water and a thatched cottage nearby; An ancient path, the west wind and a bony horse is heared to neigh; Lo! The sun sets today; At the earth-end a heart-broken traveller plods his weary way. (辜正坤 译) More examples 温庭筠《商山早行》： “鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜。” 贺铸《青玉案》： “一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨。” 废名《十二月十九夜》 十二月十九夜 废名 深夜一支灯 若高山流水， 有身外之海。 星之空是鸟林， 是花，是鱼， 是天上的梦， 海是夜的镜子， 思想是一个美人， 是家， 是日， 是月， 是灯， 是炉火， 炉火是墙上的树影， 是冬夜的声音。 Japanese haiku Haiku (sometimes spelled hokku) is a Japanese poetic form that represents, in seventeen syllables, ordered into three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, the poet’s emotional or spiritual response to a natural object, scene, or season of the year. 俳句 俳句是一种有特定格式的诗歌。俳句的创作必须遵循两个基本规则： 第一，俳句由五、七、五三行十七个字母组成，当然了，这是以日文为标准的。 第二，俳句中必定要有一个季语。所谓季语是指用以表示春、夏、秋、冬及新年的季节用语。在季语中除“夏季的骤雨”、“雪”等表现气候的用语外，还有象“樱花”、“蝉”等动物、植物名称。另外，如“压岁钱”、“阳春面”这样的风俗习惯也多有应用。这些“季语”通常带着现代日本人民对于幼小时代或故乡的一种怀念眷恋之情。 松尾芭蕉（1644—1694）日本江户时候俳谐诗人。芭蕉被日本人称为“俳