远程自动抄表系毕业设计.doc

摘要 随着我国社会经济的发展，居民用电量剧增。传统的人工抄表收取电费的方 式，已不能满足现代化管理的要求，实现多用户能耗仪表的自动抄表已经成为可 能，特别是建设部提出来的小康型住宅小区的规划要求，并逐步实行能耗仪表出 户的统一管理，实现微机自动检测、计量和收费。本文针对目前居民小区的电能 计量中实际存在的各种问题，设计了一种实用的远程自动抄表系统。该系统具有 成本低廉、计量准确、工作稳定可靠和系统安装维护方便等特点。 本文对整个抄表系统进行了较为全面的设计，着重对系统底层的能耗数据的 采集和集中、数据通信网络和通信方式等做了较为详细的设计。在硬件上对 CPU 数据存储及其监控电路、数据传输、通信标准、时钟电路、串口扩展、电能采集 和显示电路都做了详细的论述。并且广泛应用的 RS-485 电气接口的串行通讯技 术作为通讯方式。在软件上对数据进行采集、通信、显示子程序、校验子程序等 做了详细的说明。同时，本文还对系统中的干扰问题进行了深入细致的分析，并 在硬件和软件上担出了有效的抗干扰技术。 该远程抄表系统实现了多用户的电能信息的远程自动抄录，能够实现住宅能 耗计量的高质量和高效率管理。 关键词：远程抄表；数据通信；AT89C51；RS-485  I 1 学院本科毕业设计（论文） Abstract Abstract With social and economic development electric power is used increasingly, Traditional charge of electric fare by manual labor can’t satisfy the demand for modern man management. Automatic meter reading system (AMRS) has a possibility to be put into reality. Especially for the well-to-do uptown, the Construct Department of China has demanded to realize automatic meter reading, measuring and charging with computer. This article aims at the existing problems. Thus, I designed an automatic meter reading system of calorie. The strong point of this system is: lows cost, precise measuring, stable working, and easy to install and maintain. The article gives an all-round design of this system. It expatiates on detail designs of data capturing and collecting, data communication network and mode. In this thesis, about the hardware, a particular explanation of the choice of CPU、inspect circuit、data memory etc were given. And it uses asynchronous serial communication technology based on RS-485 electric interface as communication means. The software ,we give the program of impulse collection、communication、display and so on. At the same time, the noise questions existing in the analyzed and the effective anti-noise methods on hardware and o software are presented. This Long-distance meter reading system realizes the multi-user power information remote automatic transcribing, can realize residential energy consumption of hig