导线测量的概算.docVIP

导线测量的概算 　　摘要：控制测量外业工作获得了大量的外业观测值（如水平方向、边长和天文方位角等）和必要的测绘资料（如归心投影用纸等），将这些地面上观测成果化算到高斯平面上，为平差计算作好数据准备工作是概算工作主要任务。本文以导线为例，介绍其化算的过程和计算公式。 　　 　　关键词：地面；观测成果；化算；高斯平面 　　Abstract: Control surveying work outside the industry, a large number of observations (such as the horizontal direction, length and azimuth angle and so on) and the necessary mapping data (such as centering projection paper), the ground observation result to the Gauss plane, as the adjustment calculation to estimate data preparation is the main tasks. In this paper, in order to lead as an example, introduces the process and the calc