Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous.pdfVIP

PHYSICAL REVIEW B VOLUME 61, NUMBER 20 15 MAY 2000-II Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon * A. C. Ferrari and J. Robertson Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom Received 24 November 1999 The model and theoretical understanding of the Raman spectra in disordered and amorphous carbon are given. The nature of the G and D vibration modes in graphite is analyzed in terms of the resonant excitation of states and the long-range polarizability of bonding. Visible Raman data on disordered, amorphous, and diamondlike carbon are classified in a three-stage model to show the factors that control the position, intensity, and widths of the G and D peaks. It is shown that the visible Raman spectra depend formally on the configu- ration of the sp 2 sites in sp 2 -bonded clusters. In cases where the sp 2 clustering is controlled by the sp 3 fraction, such as in as-deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon ta-C or hydrogenated amorphous carbon a-C:H films, the visible Raman parameters can be used to derive the sp 3 fraction. I. INTRODUCTION its higher photon energy of 5.1 eV, excites both the and the states and so is able to probe both the sp 2 and sp 3 The great versatility of carbon materials arises from the