The strongfeasibilitystrong of synthetic fuels in renewable energy systems.pdfVIP

Energy 57 (2013) 76e84 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: /locate/energy The feasibility of synthetic fuels in renewable energy systems a, * a a b Iva Ridjan , Brian Vad Mathiesen , David Connolly , Neven Duic a Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Denmark b Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: While all other sectors had significant renewable energy penetrations, transport is still heavily depen- Received 9 October 2012 dent on oil displaying rapid growth in the last decades. There is no easy renewable solution to meet Received in revised form transport sector demand due to the wide variety of modes and needs in the sector. Nowadays, biofuels 23 January 2013 along with electricity are proposed as one of the main options for replacing fossil fuels in the transport Accepted 24 January 2013 sector. The main reasons for avoiding the direct usage of biomass, i.e. producing biomass derived fuels, Available online 26 February 2013 are land use shortages, limited biomass availability, interference with food supplies, and other impacts