Ultrafast strongXstrong-ray Diffraction Theory - MIT.pdfVIP

J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 9523 Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction Theory Jianshu Cao* and Kent R. Wilson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Uni ersity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0339 Recei ed: April 29, 1998; In Final Form: July 10, 1998 Time-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns can be inverted to obtain photoinduced dynamics without resorting to additional and often unknown information (e.g., potential energy surfaces), as required in optical probe experiments. In order to interpret ultrafast X-ray diffraction measurements, we consider several time scales in X-ray experiments involving elastic versus inelastic scattering, quantum interference among electronic states, physical implications of temporal- and spatial-averaging, and the coherence of X-ray beams. On the basis of these considerations, it is shown that inelastic scattering can be employed to measure the time dependence of electron correlation and the nonadiabatic effects in curve crossing. As in the snapshot approach, the BornOppenheimer approximation and the independent atom model are adopted such that molecular dynamics can be directly probed without explicit reference to electron density. In addition, we show that (i) the inversion for a cylindrically symmetric sample can be simplified by looking along a specific direction and (ii) that by means of molecular “ pulses” the excited state dynamics can be isolated without contamin