optical recording of action potentials in mammalian neurons.pdfVIP

Articles optical recording of action potentials in mammalian neurons using a microbial rhodopsin 1,5 2,5 3,5 4 1,4 Joel M Kralj , Adam D Douglass , Daniel R Hochbaum , Dougal Maclaurin Adam E Cohen reliable optical detection of single action potentials in direct and sensitive optical measurement of membrane potential mammalian neurons has been one of the longest-standing remains elusive. All approaches have one or more serious limita- challenges in neuroscience. here we achieved this goal by tions, including slow response, lack of sensitivity, difficulty in tar- . using the endogenous fluorescence of a microbial rhodopsin geting or phototoxicity. No genetically encoded voltage indicator d e v protein, Archaerhodopsin 3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense, has had adequate sensitivity and speed to reliably identify action r e expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. this genetically potentials from mammalian neurons on a single-trial basis. s e r encoded voltage indicator exhibited an approximately tenfold We recently developed a fast and sensitive voltage indicator s 14 t improvement in sensitivity and speed over existing protein- based on green-absorbing proteorhodopsin . This proteorho- h g based voltage indicators, with a roughly linear twofold increase dopsin optical proton sensor (PROPS) revealed electrical spiking i r l l in brightness between −