复变函数-中大软件学院-Chap1.ppt

* * * pp. 14 – 16 Ex. 1, Ex. 2, Ex. 7, Ex. 14 5. Homework * Polar Form Let r and θ be polar coordinates of the point (x,y) that corresponds to a nonzero complex number z=x+iy, since x=rcosθ and y=rsinθ, the number z can be written in polar form as z=r(cosθ + isinθ), where r0 6. Exponential Form * y x O z(x,y) θ r argz: the argument of z Argz: the principal value of argz x y O z(x,y) 1 r θ θ Θ Example 1 The complex number -1-i, which lies in the third quadrant has principal argument -3π/4. That is It must be emphasized that the principal argument must be in the region of (-π, +π ]. Therefore, However, 6. Exponential Form * argz = α + 2nπ Here: α can be any one of arguments of z The symbol eiθ , or exp(iθ) 6. Exponential Form * Why? Refer to Sec. 29 cosθ sinθ Let x=iθ, then we have Example 2 The number -1-i in Example 1 has exponential form 6. Exponential Form * z=Reiθ where 0≤ θ ≤2 π 6. Exponential Form * x y O Reiθ R θ x y θ O z0 z z=z0 +Reiθ Reiθ |z-z0 |=R Product in exponential form 7. Products and Powers in Exponential Form * Example 1 In order to put in rectangular form, one need only write 7. Products and Powers in Exponential Form * Example 2 7. Products and Powers in Exponential Form * de Moivre’s formula pp. 23, Exercise 10, 11 8. Arguments of products and quotients * argz1z2= θ1 +θ2 +2(n1+n2)π = (θ1 +2n1π)+ (θ2 +2n2π) = argz1+argz2 arg(z1z2)= θ1 +θ2 +2nπ, n=0, ±1, ±2 … θ1 is one of arguments of z1 and θ2 is one of arguments of z2 then θ1 +θ2 is one of arguments of z1z2 Here: n1 and n2 are two integers with n1+n2=n Q: Argz1z2 = Argz1+Argz2? Example 1 When z1=-1 and z2=i, then Arg(z1z2)=Arg(-i) = -π/2 but Arg(z1)+Arg(z2)=π+π/2=3π/2 8. Arguments of products and quotients * ≠ Note: Argz1z2=Argz1+Argz2 is not always true. Arguments of Quotients 8. Arguments of products and quotients * Exam