中世纪伦敦城市自治探析.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 中世纪伦敦城的自治权利包括两个层次：一是国王授予的特许状规定的权利；二是 实际取得的权利。作为英格兰的政治中心，国王的常驻地，伦敦城实际上的自治权利还 会受到王权较大的干扰。 论文首先介绍了自治特许状的内容、伦敦城获得特许状的途径，评论其对中世纪伦 敦城自治的影响。其次，从包税权、协商权和自主征税权三个方面论述伦敦城税收自治 的状况，阐述税收自治在伦敦城自治中的基础地位。第三，从市政机构的构成，官僚体 系的形成和市长选举三方面说明伦敦城市政自治的程度，以及王权干涉市政自治门径。 第四，介绍伦敦城司法自治的内容、分析其逐步完善过程中受到的外界阻挠。 由于强大王权的干扰，伦敦城特许状规定城市应该享有的权利与实际权力之间通常 存在些许差距。这种差距的大小取决于伦敦城与王权之间的力量博弈。在伦敦城自治发 展的过程中，其与王权之间在不断的妥协和斗争中形成了一种微妙的平衡状态：不仅使 城市的自主性和市民的自由民主意识得以保留和发展，而且保证了王权在整个英格兰的 有效性。 关键词： 中世纪 伦敦城 自治 . I Abstract Abstract Autonomous rights of the medieval city of London have two levels. The first level includes the rights under the charter granted by the King; the second one includes the actual rights that the city of London has achieved. As the political center of England and the Kings resident, the autonomous rights of the city of London as a matter of fact are still, to a certain degree, interfered by the royalty. First of all, this paper introduces the contents of the charter, the means that the city of London accepted the chart and reviews it’s influence on the autonomy of the city of London in the middle ages. Secondly, from the following three aspects, the right to tax package, the negotiation right and the right to self-tax the city of London, this paper comments on the status of autonomy in the city of London and elaborates on the foundation role of tax autonomy in the self-government of the city of London. Thirdly, from the aspects of constitution of the municipal institutions, the formation of the bureaucracy and the election of the mayor of London, this paper illustrates