2014软件工程各章节重要知识点(按考试大纲总结)详解.doc

2014软件工程各章节重点知识点（按考试大纲总结） ：软件工程的范畴 THE SCOPE OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1掌握软件工程、软件危机、生命周期的概念 1% Software engineering is a discipline学科 aim is the production生产 of software. fault-free;delivered on time ;within budget;satisfies the client’s needs;be easy to modify when the needs change Software crisis:the quality of software was unacceptably low,deadlines and budgets were not being met. Life-cycle model:The steps to follow遵循 when building构建 software,A theoretical description理论描述 of what should be done. Life cycle:The actual steps实际步骤 performed执行 on a specific具体 product. 2掌握维护的3种分类并能够结合具体例子进行判断 1% Postdelivery maintenance:Corrective纠错性 maintenance;Perfective完善性 maintenance;Adaptive适应性 maintenance Corrective纠错性 maintenance:removal去除 of residual faults残留错误 ;leaving the specifications规格说明文档 unchanged Perfective完善性 maintenance:additional functionality额外功能;decreased response time减少响应时间 Adaptive适应性 maintenance:changes made in response to changes in the environment 3掌握为什么没有计划、文档和测试阶段 1% Why There Is No Planning Phase计划阶段, Testing Phase测试阶段 or Documentation Phase文档阶段? Planning, continual持续的 testing and documentation activities活动 are carried out执行 throughout贯穿于 the life cycle.There is no separate独立的 planning, testing or documentation phase.This testing is the responsibility职责 of Every software professional专业人员, and The software quality assurance group软件质量保证小组(SQA group) Documentation Must Always be Current:Key individuals may leave before the documentation is complete.We cannot perform a phase without having the documentation of the previous phase.We cannot test without documentation.We cannot maintain without documentation. 4掌握软件工程的传统生命周期模型（瀑布模型）的阶段划分和各阶段的主要任务1% Classical(Waterfall瀑布) Life-Cycle Model 1. Requirements phase Explore研究 the concept概念;Elicit提取 the client’s requirements客户需求 2. Analysis (specification) phase Analyze分析 the client’s requirements;Draw up制定 the specification document规格说明文档(specifications);Draw up the software project management plan软件项目管理计划(SPMP);“What t