南京农业大学动物解剖.pdf

Animal Anatomy Lei Zhihai College of Veterinary Medicine, NAU Locomotor System Locomotor system Locomotor system includes bones, joints and muscles. Bones are linked by joints to form the skeleton. The skeleton not only provides the framework for the body, but also carries out the function of motion, support and protection. During the movement, the bone acts as a lever, the joints as a axis, and the muscles as motive power. 1 Osteology 1 skeletal system 1 General description Osteology （骨学（骨学））is the study of bone that combine to （（骨学骨学）） form the skeleton of diverse animal species. Each living bone is an organ. It has proper shape and carries out certain functions. It is a hard and resilient （有（有 （（有有 弹性的弹性的））organ, and is abundant in blood and nerve supply. 弹性的弹性的）） It possesses the ability of reconstruction, repairing and regeneration. Bones can be affected by genetic, external and internal environmental factors. Function of bone The major functions of the skeleton are : Supprot protection Metabolism store calcium and phosphate building blood components Classification of bone 2 shape and classification of bones According to bone shape, four kinds of bones are classified: Long bone 长骨长骨 长骨长骨 Short bone 短骨短骨 短骨短骨 Flat bone 扁骨扁骨 扁骨扁骨 Irregular bone 不规则骨不规则骨 不规则骨不规则骨 2.1 long bone Long bone 长骨长骨 长骨长骨 Proximal epiphysis （骺（骺）） （（骺骺）） Shaft or diaphysis （骨干（骨干）） （（骨干骨干）） Medullary cavity Distal epiphysis Epiphyseal cartilage Metap