ChapterMemoryHierarchyinCachebasedSystem讲解.pptVIP

Unit 2 Memory Hierarchy in Cache-based System 基于寄存器的系统中存储器的体系结构 Despite improvements in technology , microprocessors[maikr?upr?uses?s](微处理器) are still much faster than main memory . Memory access time is increasingly the bottleneck [b?:tlnek](瓶颈) in overall application performance. 尽管科技的进步，微处理器仍然远远快于主存储器。内存的访问时间是越来越多应用程序的总体性能的瓶颈。 As a result, an application might spend a considerable amount of time waiting for data . This not only negatively impacts the overall performance, but the application cannot benefit much from a processor clockspeed(时钟速度) upgrade either . 结果是，应用程序或许会花相当多的时间来等数据。这不仅造成负面影响到了整体性能，而且，应用程序也无法从一个处理器clockspeed升级获得更多的好处。 One way to overcome this problem is to insert a small high-speed buffer memory between the processor and main memory. Such a buffer is generally referred to as cache memory, or cache for short. 一种解决这种问题的方法是在处理器与主存储器之间嵌入一个小的高速缓冲存储区，这样的一个缓冲区通常被称为快速存储记忆体，或者是简称高速缓存。 The application can take advantage of this enhancement：[inh?nsm?nt]（提高增加） by fetching data from the cache instead of main memory. Thanks to the short access time to the cache, application performance is improved. 应用程序能够利用从缓存中而不是从主存储器中取数据来加速存储数据。由于访问缓存的时间短，所以应用程序的性能就得到了提高。 Of course, there is still traffic between memory and the cache ,but it is minimal. This relatively simple concept works out well in practice. The vast majority of applications benefit from caches. 当然，内存与缓存之间也需要时间，但是它是很短的。这种相对简单的想法在实践中应用的很好。绝大多数的应用程序都因为缓存得到了好处。 As Figure 2.2.1 shows, the cache is placed between the CPU and the main memory. 正如图2.2.1所显示的，高速缓存位于CPU和主存储器之间。 The system first copies the data needed by the CPU from memory into the cache. And then from the cache into a register in the CPU. Storage of results is in the opposite direction. First the system copies the data into the cache . 操作系统第一次拷贝需要的数据时通过CPU从储存器中提取到缓存中，然后，会通过缓存进入CPU的寄存器中。而存储的方式恰恰相反。首先，操作系统复制数据到缓存中. To amortize the cost of the memory transfer, more than one element is loaded into the cac