Moderninternationaltradetheory概述.ppt

Assume that country A to country B X merchandise exports when transport costs, and transportation costs paid by the B state. Country B relative prices of goods X, B countries to reduce the demand for X goods imports also fell, A country can not sell goods X, A country X for exports and falling commodity prices reduce the number, B countries include the price decline in transport costs and increased demand. 假定A国X商品出口到B国时发生运输成本，且运输成本由B国支付。B国X商品的相对价格上涨，B国对X商品的需求量减少，进口也随之下降，A国的X商品不能完全售出，A国X商品价格下降且可供出口的数量减少，B国包含运输成本的价格也下降且需求量增加。 运输成本对贸易模式的影响 The adjustment process continues until A country willing to export an amount equal to the number of country B willing to import, then the relative price of country A (PX / PY) AT below (PX / PY) AB, while B countrys relative price (PX / PY ) BT is higher than (PX / PY) AB. The difference between them is equal to transportation costs. Transportation cost sharing ratio between the two countries depends on the price elasticity of supply between the two countries and the size of price elasticity of demand. 调整过程一直持续到A国愿意出口的数量等于B国愿意进口的数量，此时A国的相对价格(PX/PY)AT低于(PX/PY)AB，B国的相对价格(PX/PY)BT高于(PX/PY)AB，二者之差等于运输成本。运输成本在两国之间的分担比例取决于两国的供给价格弹性和需求价格弹性的大小。 运输成本对贸易模式的影响 If country Bs supply and demand is inelastic, while A countrys supply and demand is relatively elastic, and the transport costs borne primarily by country B; On the other hand, A country bear a large proportion of transport costs. In addition, the same to classical trade models, even if the two X relative prices are different, if transportation costs exceed the difference between the trade ,the trade does not occur, and X products become non-tradable goods. 若B国的供给与需求缺乏弹性、A国的供给与需求相对有弹性，运输成本主要由B国承担；反之，A国承担的运输成本比例大。另外，和古典贸易模型一样，即便两国X商品的相对价格有差异，如果运输成本超过该差额，贸易不会发生、X商品成为非贸易品。 四、The factor endowment theory test 要素禀赋论的检验 U.S. economist Leontief first conclusions on the experience of HO model validation, in 1951, analyzed the data from the United States in 1947, according to common sense th