牛奶的体细胞计数讲解.pptVIP

Somatic Cell Count in Dairy Cattle奶牛的体细胞计数 美国谷物协会供稿 马春生 翻译 What is Normal Milk?什么是正常牛奶 Defined differently in every country and over time 各国不同时间的定义不同。 SCC of normal milk (quarter sample) is almost always 100,000/ml 正常牛奶的体细胞计数（乳区样品）每毫升几乎总是低于10万。 If SCC 200,000/ml the quarter is likely to be actively infected, or recovering from an infection 如果每毫升体细胞计数大于20万，那么这个乳区可能受到感染或正在从感染恢复。 SCC between 100,000 to 200,000 – questionable 体细胞计数在10万-20万之间为可疑。 Normal milk has no clots or flakes, and is not discolored 正常牛奶没有凝块和絮片，颜色也没有变化。 SCC analysis - from which level?体细胞计数分析 - 在哪种水平上？ Quarter 乳区 Cow (composite sample of all quarters) 个体母牛（所有乳区的混合样品） Herd – Bulk Tank Sample (composite of all cows) 群体 – 罐乳样品（所有母牛的混合奶） Quarter samples versus composite cow sample乳区样品与个体母牛混合奶样品比较 Don’t forget that composite cow samples have a dilution effect of low SCC in normal quarters 别忘记，个体母牛混合奶样品具有被其正常乳区低体细胞计数稀释了的效应。 Ex: cow with composite sample SCC of 500,000 and three normal quarters (SCC = 50,000) 例如：母牛混合奶样品的体细胞计数为50万，而三个正常乳区的体细胞计数为5万。 The mastitis quarter has a SCC of 1,850,000!! 患乳房炎乳区的体细胞计数为185万。 SCC and Production Loss体细胞计数和产奶量损失 Milk Yield Loss due to SCC (Source: NMC)体细胞计数造成的产奶量损失 US Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO)美国巴氏消毒牛奶法令 Bacteria counts in raw milk – not to exceed 100,000/ ml in bulk milk from any single producer 原料鲜奶的细菌计数 – 任何单一生产者（奶牛场）的罐乳不得超过每毫升10万。 Somatic cell count – not to exceed 750,000/ml in milk from any producer 体细胞计数 -任何单一生产者（奶牛场）的牛奶不得超过每毫升75万。 Free of residues to specified drugs 无规定药物的残留。 Standard Plate Count (1,000) in New York Dairies纽约州奶牛场的标准平板细菌计数（单位：千） 855 samples (Source, JDS 81: Boor) Coliform Count in New York Dairies纽约州奶牛场的大肠杆菌计数 855 samples (Source, JDS 81: Boor) Normal SCC正常的体细胞计数 There is no evidence that parity, stage of lactation, or heat stress will raise the SCC above the 200,000 level in normal cows 没有证据表明，产犊、所处泌乳阶段或热应激会使正常母牛的体细胞计数升高超过20万。 One study found that the average SCC (geo