宏观经济学双语探析.pptVIP

第二章 国民收入核算 第一节 国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period. 1. “ …goods and services…” GDP includes both tangible goods (food, clothing, cars) and intangible services (haircuts, housecleaning, doctor visits). 2.“GDP is the market value…” QUICK QUIZ: Which contributes more to GDP---the production of an economy car or the production of a luxury car? Why? 3….produced… GDP includes goods and services currently produced. It does not include transactions involving items produced in the past. ⑴GDP excludes second-hand sales(二手交易). ⑵ GDP excludes financial transactions(财务往来). 4 “ …of all…” GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally in markets. 5. “ …final…” ⑴GDP includes only the value of final goods and services. The reason is that the value of intermediate goods and services is already included in the prices of the final goods and services. 6. “ …within a country…” Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国内生产总值:国土原则 Gross National Product (GNP)国民生产总值:国籍原则 7…during a specific period… GDP measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of time. Usually that interval is a year or a quarter (three months). GDP measures the economy’s flow(流量) of income(收入) and expenditure(支出) during that interval. 8…market value… It excludes items produced and sold lawlessly, such as illegal drugs. (非法生产和销售的东西不记入GDP,如违法的毒品交易不记入.) 8…market value… GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace. GDP不包括家庭内的生产和消费,因为这没有交易. The Economy’s Income and Expenditure For an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure because: Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller. 第二节 核算国民收入的两种方法 Two sides to GDP 1.expenditure approach(支出法) 2.income approach(收入法) 1.The expenditure approach to