制造技术专业英语翻译摘要.docVIP

7.1 NATURE OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION Plastic deformation is the deformation which is permanent and beyond the elastic rang of the material of ten , metals are worked by pfastic deformation because of the beneficial effect that is imparted to the mechanical properties by it. The necessary deformation in a metal can be achieved by application of large amount of mechanical force only or by heating the metal and then applying a small force. 7.1 塑性变形本质 塑性变形是超过弹性变形范围之后的一种永久变形。通常，金属采用塑性变形加工是因为可以通过其获得良好的机械性能。金属所需要的变形可以只通过施加大量的机械力或者通过加热金属并且施加少量的应力来获得。 The deformation of metals, which is caused by the displacement of the atoms is achieved by one or both of the processes called slip and twinning. The details of the microscopic deformation methods can be found in the textbooks of metallurgy. On the macroscopic scale, when plastic , deformation occurs the metal appears to flow in the solid state along specific directions, which are depedent on the type of processing and the direction of applied force. The crystals or grains of the metal are elongated in the direction of metal flow. This flow of metal can be seen under microscope after polishing and suitable etching of the mental surface . These visible lines are called fibre flow lines, some representative specimens of which are presented in fig 金属的变形是由原子排列引起的，这种排列是由被称作滑移和孪生过程中的一种或者两者共同作用造成的。微观的变形方式可以从冶金学课本中找到。在微观范围内，当塑性变形产生的时候，在固体内部金属的流动倾向于特定的方向，这个方向取决于加工类型和应力方向。在金属流动方向上金属晶体或者晶粒将会延长。通过显微镜观察抛光和蚀刻后的表面，可以看到这种金属的流动方式。这些可见的线条叫做纤维流线。 Since the grains are elongated in the direction of flow, whey would be able to offer more resistance to stresses acting across them . As a result, the mechanically worked metals called wrought products would be able to achieve better mechanical strength in specific orientation ,that of the flow direction .since it is possible sible to control these flow lines in any specific direction by careful manipulation of the applied forces as shown in Fig. 7.1, it is possible to achieve optimum mechanical properties