Metal Materials-5讲义.pptVIP

5.3.2 Austenite – Ferrite Dual-phase steels Other ferrite-forming elements or more chromium are added into 18-8 stainless steels so as to obtain some ferrite. Less nickel is needed, thus cheaper. 晶间腐蚀倾向较小，强度、韧性和焊接性能较好。 5.4 Precipitation hardening steels Matrix: Martensite Austenite Austenite-Martensite Dual-phase steels Solid solution and Aging 5.4.1 Composition 5-20% Ferrite 0.1% C 12-18% Cr, 4.5-7.5%Ni Al, Ti, Nb: Ni3A1、Ni3Ti、Ni3Nb for precipitation hardening W、Mo: For good high temperature strength 5.4.2 Heat treatment 1. Solid solution 1040-1150oC 2. Adjustment Decrease the contents of carbon and alloying element in austenite so as to increase the Ms temperature. 700-900oC, air cooling Inducing the precipitation of carbides 3. Cold working Inducing the formation of martensite 4. Aging 400-500oC 1) Solid solution, adjustment, and then aging 2) Solid solution, cold working, and then aging 3) Solid solution, adjustment, cold working, and then aging * 5 Stainless Steels 不锈钢是指一些在空气、水、盐溶液、酸及其它腐蚀介质中具有高度化学稳定性的钢种。 通常把仅能抵抗大气、高温燃气、电解液腐蚀的钢叫不锈钢；而把能够抵抗某些强腐蚀介质（酸）侵蚀的钢叫耐酸钢。 不锈钢不一定耐酸，而耐酸钢却同时又是不锈钢。 Stainless steels: atmosphere, high temperature, electrolyte Acid resistant steels: serious corrosion, such as some strong acids (H2SO4, HNO3……) 5.1 Basic Concepts of Corrosion Corrosion Gradual destruction of materials resulting from chemical or electrochemical reaction of materials with environmental agents. Chemical corrosion: （气体腐蚀、非电解质溶液腐蚀） Usually uniform corrosion Electrochemical corrosion （大气腐蚀、土壤腐蚀、电解质溶液腐蚀） Usually local corrosion 大气腐蚀与气体腐蚀的区别？ Corrosion Type 1. Uniform corrosion 2. Pitting 3. Crevice corrosion 4. Deposit corrosion 5. Selective corrosion 6. Intergranular corrosion 7. Layer corrosion 8. Erosion corrosion 9. Cavitation corrosion 10. Fretting corrosion 11. Environment-induced cracking 12. Bimetallic corrosion o