测绘专业英语1213单元28单元遥解析.docVIP

Unit?28?Fundamentals?of?Remote?Sensing?（遥感的基础）?What?Is?Remote?Sensing??For?the?purposes?of?understanding?the?concepts?of?remote?sensing,?the?following?definition?should?be?given?first:?[CCRS,?2003]“Remote?sensing?is?the?science?(?and?to?some?extent,?art)?of?acquiring?information?about?the?Earths?surface?without?actually?being?in?contact?with?it?.?This?is?done?by?sensing?and?recording?reflected?or?emitted?energy?and?processing,?analyzing,?and?applying?that?information.”为了了解遥感的概念,给出下面的定义:?（加拿大遥感中心，2003）“遥感是在不直接接触的情况下，获取地球表面信息的一门科学（某种程度上可以称之为艺术）。这是通过感知、记录和处理、分析,并应用反射或者发出的能量信息实现的。”In?much?of?remote?sensing,?the?process?involves?an?interaction?between?incident?radiation?and?the?targets?of?interest.?This?is?exemplified?by?the?use?of?imaging?systems?where?the?following?seven?elements?are?involved.?Note,?however?that?remote?sensing?also?involves?the?sensing?of?emitted?energy?and?the?use?of?non-imaging?sensors?(Figure?1).?在绝大多数的遥感中,?该过程包括入射辐射和感兴趣区域的互动。这个可以在使用了如下七个要素参与的成像系统中得到例证。注意,遥感也包括了辐射能量的感知和使用非成像传感器。?1.?Energy?source?or?illumination?(A)?—?the?first?requirement?for?remote?sensing?is?to?have?an?energy?source?which?illuminates?or?provides?electromagnetic?energy?to?the?target?of?interest.?The?primary?source?of?electromagnetic?energy?that?illuminates?natural?targets?is?the?sun,?although?Earth?itself?can?emit?geothermal?and?man-made?energy?.Electromagnetic?radiation?is?a?form?of?energy.?1.?能量源或照明——遥感的第一个需求是有一个能够发光的或为感兴趣目标提供电磁能量一个能量源。能够照亮目标的电磁能量的主要来源是太阳，尽管地球本身能够发出地热和人造能量。电磁辐射是能量的一种形式。??The?fundamental?unit?of?electromagnetic?radiation?is?the?photon.?The?photon,?which?has?energy?but?no?mass,?moves?at?the?speed?of?light.?The?wave?theory?of?light?has?light?traveling?in?wavelike?patterns,?with?its?energy?characterized?by?its?wavelength?or?frequency.?电磁辐射的基本单位是光子。光子具有能量但不集中，以光速移动。光波理论是光以波浪形式行进，用波长或频率来表现能量特征。?The?speed?of?light?is?generally?considered?to?be?300,?000km/?s.?Figure?2?shows?the?electromagnetic?spectrum,?with?wavelengths?ranging?in?size?from?the?very?small?(cosmic,?gamma,