当代世界经济与政治(英文部分 定稿 第六章).pptVIP

第六章 转型国家的经济与政治 普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材 当代世界经济与政治(第3版) With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism, the political bases of the global economy shifted dramatically. The great divide between the capitalist and communist worlds and their respective economic system disappeared. The ideology and practice of capitalism spread to Eastern Europe, Russia, the former Soviet republics, and even to Vietnam. The end of communism in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe created new demands on the system for resource flows, economic interaction, and participation in management of the system. Many countries of Eastern Europe made great progress in the transition from communism to capitalism and from isolation to participation in the rules, institutions, and procedures of the international economic system. It was still unclear at the end of the twentieth century whether others, especially Russia, would be able to make that transition and become full members of the global economic system. The Problems of the Russia’s Economy——1998, “Russia’s Phony Capitalism”, Foreign Affairs. Grigory Yavlinsky, a Russian economist 1. The Russian economy showed signs of evolution toward Western-style capitalism on the one hand and the consolidation of corporatist, criminal-style capitalism on the other. 2. Many aspects of the Russia’s economy suggest that it is moving toward a corporatist market in which corruption is rampant. 4. The development road of Russia and America is different. In the late 1990s, Russia has no emerging middle class, and the oligarchy, which is deeply involved in the government, can alter policy for its private benefit. 5. The problem is not only that the majority of Russians remain worse off than before the economic transition began, but that they cannot become better off. The current Russian market economy has created a handful of super-wealthy individuals while leaving the rest behind to struggle. 6. Russia is bedeviled（困扰） by a corruption prob