操作系统12-fs-implementation.pptVIP

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS  Chapter 12: File-System Implementation School of Computer and Communication,Hunan University Chapter 12: File System Implementation File System Structure File System Implementation Directory Implementation Allocation Methods Free-Space Management Efficiency and Performance Recovery Log-Structured File Systems NFS File-System Structure File structure Logical storage unit Collection of related information File system resides on secondary storage (disks). File system organized into layers. File control block – storage structure consisting of information about a file. Layered File System A Typical File Control Block In-Memory File System Structures The following figure illustrates the necessary file system structures provided by the operating systems. Figure 12-3(a) refers to opening a file. Figure 12-3(b) refers to reading a file. In-Memory File System Structures Virtual File Systems Virtual File Systems (VFS) provide an object-oriented way of implementing file systems. VFS allows the same system call interface (the API) to be used for different types of file systems. The API is to the VFS interface, rather than any specific type of file system. Schematic View of Virtual File System Linux中的VFS Linux文件系统 虚拟文件系统实现的目标是：同时支持多种文件系统，系统中安装多个文件系统时，对用户而言没有区别，他们都表现为一致的接口。 虚拟文件系统的思想 对多个文件系统的共同特性进行抽象，形成一个与具体文件系统实现无关的虚拟层，在此层次上定义与用户一致性的接口。 具体文件系统向虚拟文件系统注册，并实现各种具体的实现。（file_operation结构位于文件系统和VFS之间,其中包含的是函数指针，指向不同的具体实现） Directory Implementation Linear list of file names with pointer to the data blocks. simple to program time-consuming to execute Hash Table – linear list with hash data structure. decreases directory search time collisions – situations where two file names hash to the same location fixed size Allocation Methods An allocation method refers to how disk blocks are allocated for files: Contiguous allocation Linked allocation Indexed allocation Contiguous Allocation Each file occupies a set of contiguous blocks on the disk. Simple –