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RESULT HOW DO WE SOLVE EQUATION Note behavior of sign of leading term for subsonic and supersonic flows Equation is almost Laplace’s equation, if we could get rid of b coefficient Strategy Coordinate transformation Transform into new space governed by ξ and η In transformed space, new velocity potential may be written TRANSFORMED VARIABLES (1/2) Definition of new variables (determining a useful transformation is done) Perform chain rule to express in terms of transformed variables TRANSFORMED VARIABLES (2/2) Differentiate with respect to x a second time Differentiate with respect to y a second time Substitute in results and arrive at a Laplace equation for transformed variables Recall that Laplace’s equation governs behavior of incompressible flows FINAL RESULTS Insert transformation results into linearized CP Prandtl-Glauert rule: If we know the incompressible pressure distribution over an airfoil, the compressible pressure distribution over the same airfoil may be obtained Lift and moment coefficients are integrals of pressure distribution (inviscid flows only) SWEPT WINGS: SUPERSONIC FLIGHT WING SWEEP COMPARISON SWEPT WINGS: SUPERSONIC FLIGHT “备”则“倍” 有准备、有规划的人生更精彩! “备”则“倍” 有准备、有规划的人生更精彩! 11.10 CFD应用:跨音速翼型和机翼 亚声速可压缩流线化理论的限制: 1、薄翼小攻角 2、来流马赫数不超过0.7 3、无粘、无旋假设 采用CFD方法求解跨声速流动的历史发展过程: 1、跨声速小扰动非线性方程 2、全速势方程: (11.69) (11.12) 3、Euler方程的CFD求解 (7.39) (7.41) (7.43) 4、NS方程的CFD求解 (2.48) (2.95) (2.96) NACA0012翼型,Grid:265*65 优化设计 11.12 小结 对于二维、无旋、等熵、定常的可压缩流, 精确的速度势方程为: (11.12) 其中 (11.13) 这一方程是精确的,但它是非线性的,因此很难求解。在目前,还找不到该方程的解析解。 对于小扰动情况(细长体、小迎角),精确速度势方程可以近似为: (11.18) 以上小扰动速度势方程是近似的,但它是线性的,因此求解容易得多。这一方程在亚音速下( )和超音速下(
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