3.2rna结构primarystructuresequencecomplementarity.pptVIP

第三章 RNA的结构与功能 3.1 RNA生物功能 RNA is the genetic material of some viruses RNA functions as the intermediate (mRNA) between the gene and the protein-synthesizing machinery. RNA functions as an adaptor (tRNA) between the codons in the mRNA and amino acids. Through sequence complementarity, RNA serves as a regulatory molecule to bind to and interfere with the translation of certain mRNAs; or as a recognition molecule to guide many post-transcriptional processing steps. Through the tertiary structures, some RNAs function as enzymes to catalyze essential reactions in the cell (RNase P ribozyme, large rRNA in ribosomes, self-splicing introns, etc). 3.2 RNA结构 Primary structure Sequence complementarity: base pairing as DNA Secondary structure Tertiary structure Primary structure RNA contains ribose and uracil and is usually single-stranded Sequence complementarity inter- and intra-molecular base pairing Non-Watson-Crick G:U base pairs represent additional regular base pairing in RNA, which enriched the capacity for self-complementarity. Secondary structures and interactions RNA chains fold back on themselves to form local regions of double helix similar to A-form DNA RNA helix are the base-paired segments between short stretches of complementary sequences, which adopt one of the various stem-loop structures RNA二级结构类型 茎环结构：（Stem-loop，）是一种分子内碱基配对方式，在RNA分子中较为常见。当形成的环较小时，也称为发夹（hairpin）或发夹环。 茎环结构是一个碱基对螺旋结构，末端为短少的不成对环。这种茎环结构非常普遍，并且是建构大型结构基元，如三叶草结构（即如在转运RNA中的四个螺旋结点）的基本单位。 内部环（ loop ）：在长碱基对螺旋中的短而不成对碱基。 突起或突环（bulge）：在螺旋股中额外插入，但却在相对股中没有配对的碱基 。 Tertiary structure Pseudoknots are complex tertiary structure resulted from base pairing of discontiguous RNA segments 3.3 RNA的类型 mRNA 信使RNA tRNA 转运RNA rRNA 核糖体RNA hnRNA 核内不均一RNA snRNA 核内小RNA scRNA 细胞质内小RNA Ribozyme 核酶，有酶活性的RNA。 转录自编码蛋白质基因的RNA，携带翻译信息。 mRNA占总RNA的1%-2%。 mRNA的代谢快，半衰期短。 原核mRNA与基因是共线的，多顺反子。 真核不是共线，单顺反子。 mRNA剪接前体，真核基因经修饰的转录产物，由于它的大小与tRNA及rRNA相比变动范围很大，因而得名。 hnRNA中约有10%的部分转变成成熟mRNA。 tRNA由73-93个核苷酸组成，含大量稀有碱基，如假