云南大学4)第一次形测试.docVIP

Every fruit, vegetable, grain and domestic animals we see today is the result of genetic modification. Biotechnology refines and ___1___ methods that produce new plants and animals.?Biotechnology has a long history of use in food ___2__ and processing. For ten thousand years fermentation, a form of biotechnology has been used to produce wine, beer and bread. Selective __3___ of animals such as horses and dogs has been going on for centuries. The same thing has been done in farming. People have created many local varieties of essential foods such as rice, corn and wheat with improved yields __4___ their wild ancestors.Today, through newer biotechnology and __5___ engineering, scientists can do even more. They can move one gene, the inherited instruction for specific traits, from organism to another and omit the __6___ traits. This enables food producers to obtain animal and crop improvements in a much more precise, controlled and predictable __7___.The potential benefits of biotechnology are enormous. Food producers can use new biotechnology to __8___ new products with desirable characteristics. These include characteristics such as disease-and drought-resistant plants, leaner meat and enhanced flavor and nutritional __9___ of foods. This technology has also been used to develop life-saving vaccines, insulin, cancer __10___ and other pharmaceuticals (医药品) to improve quality of life. __11___, plant breeders were greatly limited. They were limited to __12__Traits within the same botanical (植物的) family, such as wheat to wheat. Only pollen (花粉) from a compatible parent wheat could be used to fertilize the seed-producing plant. The __13___ of traits possible from this combination was limited by these genetic compatibility barriers. Today, gene __14___ does not have the same limitations. It is not confined within cross-breeding species __15___ can cross genetic barriers such as corn to tomato. A gene for a __16__ trait can be identified and transferred from many sourc