灾后儿童心理辅导手册.doc

灾后儿童心理辅导手册 目录 序···········································································02 前 言········································································04 一、灾后儿童常见身心反应·····················································05 （一）灾后儿童可能出现的行为及情绪表现····································· （二）如何判断儿童受到了惊吓··············································· （三）灾难后儿童担忧的事情················································ 二、父母（照料人）辅导策略···················································· （一）识别高危险群·························································· （二）灾后儿童行为表现与情绪困扰的 （三）针对不同年龄段孩子灾后心理特点的辅助································· （四）针对特定症状反映的辅助················································· 三、学校老师的辅导策略························································· （一）灾后的身心反应······················································· （二）教学场景下的辅导原则················································· 四、特殊人群的照顾——孤儿安置················································· （一）收养地震孤儿热潮升温················································· （二）孤儿更需要家般的温暖················································· 五、专业治疗机构对灾后儿童的心理辅导工作······································ （一）哪些情况应该安排儿童精神科的评估或治疗？····························· （二）儿童精神医疗团队可以为孩子做些什么？································· （三）危机处理及短期治疗策略 ··············································· （四）危机辅导目标 ························································· （五）对助人者的提示······················································· （六）几个引导的方法······················································· 六、结束语····································································· 前 言 心理学研究发现：对于灾难，儿童与青少年有时虽然会有一些共同的反应，有时也会随着灾后时长的不同而变化，有些问题会立即显见，而有些问题则会几个月后才出现。因此，我们有必要学习有关灾后儿童具体的心理辅导策略，杜绝鲁莽的心理救助行为，做好长期工作的各项准备。例如：面对灾难的发生，家庭的变故，孩子的反应和他们的改变，会因孩子的年龄和家庭背景而有所不同。越年幼的孩子，越可能通过身体生理机能，如尿床、失眠、胃口改变或发噩梦等表达哀伤。年龄较大的孩子则可能通过行为，如违规行为、学业成绩倒退或社交退缩等表达哀伤。每个人都是独一无二的个体，只要辅以适当的协助，大部分情况在短期内也会得到改善的。如果家长发现孩子的行为持续了半年或半年以上没有改善，长期不愿提及死者，长期没有出现任何反应，极个别的有自伤自残身体的行为或自杀的念头等，家长可以考虑和孩子一起，寻找专业心理咨询的协助，共度难关。 为了给灾区的人民尽点心理学工