西安交大齐勇分布式课件Chapter1祥解.pptVIP

云计算居首 Gartner新兴技术周期报告2011 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Gartner新兴技术周期报告2012 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Gartner新兴技术周期报告2013 * * * * * * * * 并行及分布式计算机系统分类： sequent 超级计算机 LAN工作站 超立方体 Encor RP3 Transputer 交换 交换 基于总线: 广播方式; 基于交换: 路由方式 1.4 Software Concepts 软件系统： 紧耦合型(tightly coupled)系统——单系统映象（single-system image）。往往称为分布式操作系统. 松耦合型(loosely coupled) 系统——松耦合的软件允许分布式系统的机器和用户基本上各自独立，但是也在必要的情况下进行一定程度的相互作用。往往称为网络操作系统. An overview between DOS (Distributed Operating Systems) NOS (Network Operating Systems) Middleware System Description Main Goal DOS Tightly-coupled operating system for multi-processors and homogeneous multicomputers Hide and manage hardware resources NOS Loosely-coupled operating system for heterogeneous multicomputers (LAN and WAN) Offer local services to remote clients Middleware Additional layer atop of NOS implementing general-purpose services Provide distribution transparency Distributed Operating Systems (1. Uniprocessor Operating Systems) DOS在功能上同UOS 2. Multiprocessor Operating Systems ? 3. Multicomputer Operating Systems Uniprocessor Operating Systems 单机操作系统可以有多种结构实现，目的是管理整个计算机系统的资源，并为用户提供使用上的方便。 操作系统的结构： 模块结构； 层次结构； 微内核结构； 面向对象等。 Uniprocessor Operating Systems Separating applications from operating system code through a microkernel. 1.11 Multiprocessor Operating Systems (1) to support high performance through multiple CPUs. An important goal is to make the number of CPUs transparent to th