无机化学综合设计实验2.docVIP

无机化学综合设计实验Ⅱ 海带中提取碘 作者姓名： 蔡文平 班 级： 化学07-1 学 号： 200704011034 指导教师： 盖利刚 2008 年6月 14日海带中提取碘 摘要 海带中碘含量的测定无论是对人类生活还是对海带成分的分析都是具有较重要的意义。海带碘含量多数在 0.5 %左右，理论值很低，考虑到单质碘容易升华，但实验过程会有一定的损失；也可用萃取法，然后再减压蒸馏，但碘易随有机容剂一起挥发，可能得不到碘。因此可用两种方法做本实验。还有氧化剂的选择，为防止用K2Cr2O7、H2O2、Cl2等强氧化剂把I2继续氧化而使产率降低上，我们选择了氧化性相对较弱的NaNO2，使I-只氧化到I2这一步反应。取食用干海带，用刷子把干海带表面附着物刷净，不要用水洗。将海带剪碎，用酒精润湿放入瓷坩埚中，把坩埚置于泥三角上。用灼烧盛有海带的坩埚，至海带完全烧成炭黑色灰后，停止加热，自然冷却。将海带灰倒在烧杯中，依次加入40ml、20ml、10ml蒸馏水熬煮，每次熬煮后，倾泻出上层清夜，抽滤。将滤液和三次浸取液合并在一起。 关键词：碘 升华 减压蒸馏 氧化剂 ABSTRACT Kelp in the iodine content in the determination of both to human life or the composition of kelp is a more important significance. Most of the content of iodine in kelp about 0.5 percent, the theoretical value is very low, taking into account the single distillation of iodine easy, but the experiment will be a loss, can also be used extraction method, and then vacuum distillation, but the iodine-agent together with the capacity of volatile organic , May not be iodine. Therefore can be used two ways to do this experiment. Oxidants have the choice, to prevent the use K2Cr2O7, H2O2, Cl2-oxidants such as the I2 continue to reduce the yield, we selected the oxidation of the relatively weak NaNO2, the only I-oxidation reactions to the I2 this step. From eating dry kelp, used brushes to dry kelp Brush net Surface fixtures, will not wash. Jiansui will kelp, used alcohol wetting Add to porcelain crucible in the crucible placed on the mud 1.30. Burning furnace with containing seaweed the crucible, to kelp completely black ash after burning charcoal, stop heating and natural cooling. Ash fell on the kelp will beaker, followed by adding 40 ml, 20ml, 10ml Aozhu distilled water, each Aozhu, caving in to the upper Qingye, Choulv. Will filtrate and leaching of three combined, and then concentrated. Hydrochloride acid to PH 1, dropping NaNO2 saturated solution, with a surface vessel, small thermal heating (or to use CCl extraction, and then vacuum distillation). By comparing experimental