风对结构的作用.docVIP

风对桥梁的作用 李灿 （石家庄铁道大学，050043） 摘要：随着交通运输业的发展，大跨度桥梁(斜拉桥和悬索桥)已成为当今桥梁建设中的主流，也促进了风对桥梁的作用的研究。长期以来，在桥梁工程的设计中都没有充分重视风对结构的作用。历史上曾经出现过不少因空气静、动力荷载作用引发的桥梁结构失稳事故。风对桥梁的作用是一个十分复杂的现象．它受到风的特性、结构的动力特性和风与结构的相互作用三方面的制约。工程上，常把自然风分解为不随时间变化的平均风和随时间变化的脉动风两部分，前者对桥梁的作用相当于静力荷载。后者则相当于动力荷载。风对桥梁的作用力分为竖向、横向和扭转3个方向，通常用风洞试验测得的静力3分力系数来表示。风对桥梁的动力作用包括抖振、涡激、驰振、颤振等，其中颤振和抖振是桥梁最主要的两种动稳定性问题 。因此大跨度桥梁是我国桥梁的发展方向，在大跨度桥梁的抗风设计时，除理论分析之外，更主要是通过模型风洞试验予以确定和评价。 关键词：风静力；风动力；大跨度桥；风洞试验；减震措施 中图分类号：U448.27 TU311.3 文献标志码：A The wind effects on bridges Lican (Shijiazhuang Railway University, Shijiazhuang 050043,China) Abstract: With the development of transportation, large span bridge girder ( cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge ) has become the mainstream in bridge beam construction, also promoted the study of wind effects on bridges.Long-term since, in the bridge engineering design did not pay full attention to the wind effects on structures, History has seen quite a few because of air static, dynamic load caused by the bridge collapse. The wind effects on bridges is a very complicated phenomenon. It has the characteristics of the wind, the structural dynamic characteristics and wind structure interaction between three side constraint. Project, often take the natural wind decomposition for the time-varying mean wind and the change over time of the fluctuating wind part two, the former effects on bridges equivalent static load. The latter phase when in power load. Wind force on bridge is divided into vertical, lateral and torsional directions in 3, usually with wind tunnel test measured static 3 coefficients to represent. The dynamic effect of wind on bridge including the buffeting, VIV, galloping, flutter, flutter and buffeting is one of the main two kinds of dynamic stability problem. Therefore bridge with large span bridge in China is the direction of development, in large span bridge design, in addition to the theoretical analysis, mainly through model wind tunnel test to identify and evaluate. Key words: W