纳米陶瓷材料的制备及应用精要.doc

电子陶瓷工艺原理大作业 学院：物理与光电工程学院 专业：电子科学与技术 班级： 姓名： 童杰 学号： 纳米陶瓷材料的制备技术及应用 概述 陶瓷材料作为材料的三大支柱之一 ,在日常生活及工业生产中起着举足轻重的作用 。但是 ,由于传统陶瓷材料质地较脆 ,韧性、强度较差 ,因而使它的应用受到了较大的限制 ,随着纳米技术的广泛应用 ,纳米陶瓷随之产生 ,希望以此来克服陶瓷材料的脆性 ,使陶瓷具有象金属一样的柔韧性和可加工性 .英国著名材料专家Ｃａｈｎ指出纳米陶瓷是解决陶瓷脆性的战略途径 ,因此纳米陶瓷的研究就成了当今材料科学研究的热点领域。 纳米材料一般指尺寸为 1～ 100ｎｍ ,处于原子团族和宏观物体交接区域内的粒子 。而从原子团族制备材料的方法 ,称这为纳米技术 .纳米材料由于具有表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应而产生奇异的力学、电学、磁学、热学、光学和化学活性等特性 ,它既是一种新材料又是新材料的重要原料。所谓纳米陶瓷 ,是指显微结构中的物相具有纳米级尺度的陶瓷材料 ,也就是说晶粒尺寸、晶界宽度、第二相分布、缺陷尺寸等都是在纳米量级的水平上 .由于界面占有可与颗粒相比拟的体积百分比 ,小尺寸效应以及界面的无序性使它具有不同于传统陶瓷的独特性能 。 本文将描述纳米陶瓷的主要制备技术及纳米陶瓷在光学、电学、力学等科学领域的应用。 关键词 纳米陶瓷、制备、应用 Deposition technologies and application of nano-technology ceramic materials Abstract As one of the three pillars of the ceramic material material, plays an important role in daily life and industrial production. However, since the conventional ceramic materials brittle texture, toughness, strength is poor, thus making the application has been greater restrictions, with the extensive application of nanotechnology, nano-ceramic attendant, hoping to overcome the ceramic material brittle, like the ceramic metal with the same flexibility and workability. Cahn pointed out that the famous British experts nano-ceramic material is a strategic way to solve the brittleness of ceramics, so the research of nano-ceramic material has become a hot area of ??scientific research today. Nanomaterials generally refers to the size of 1 ~ 100nm, families and groups of atoms in the particle transfer of macroscopic objects within the region. From the method of radical ethnic material preparation, saying it is nanotechnology. Nano materials have surface effect, volume effect, the quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and produce bizarre mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, optical, and chemical activity and other characteristics, it is both a new and an important raw material of new materials. The so-c