八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Online travel Grammar知识点拨 牛津版.docVIP

Unit 3 Online travel 一、教学内容： Unit 3 Online travel Grammar ? 二. 教学目标： 掌握Unit3的词法结构和用法：Passive Voice 1. 被动语态结构：be + 动词的过去分词。 2. 重点掌握以下6种情况的被动语态： ①一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are +过去分词) ②一般过去时的被动语态(was/were +过去分词) ③一般将来时的被动语态(will be +过去分词)/(am/is/are going to be +过去分词) ④现在进行时的被动语态(am/is/are being +过去分词) ⑤现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been +过去分词) ⑥含有情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+过去分词) 3. 重点掌握两种特殊情况的被动语态 ①含有使役动词、感官动词和help后接不带to 的动词不定式改为被动语态时要加上to。 ②双宾语的情况改为被动语态时有两种改法。 4. 特别注意happen(take place)及系动词feel, sound, taste, smell, look等没有被动语态的情况。 ? 经典讲解： 被动语态 英语中的语态(voice) 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1)主动语态(active voice)表示主语是动作的发出者、执行者. Many people speak English. 主语many people 发出、执行了speak的动作 2)被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的接受者。 English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：was／were doing＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught （一）一般现在时的被动语态 一般现在时被动语态表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作。 am/is/are +done 改为被动语态 e.g.1：His brother washes bowls every day. Bowls are washed by his brother every day. e.g.2：A dog follows me. I’m followed by a dog. e.g.3: Football is played all over the world. 否定句： Football is not played all over the world. 一般疑问句： Is football played all over the world? 翻译句子： 1. 这些玩具是中国制造的。 These toys are made in China 2. 这个公园是为老年人建造的。 The park is built for the old. ? 【典型例题】 一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态： 1. Bruce writes a letter every week. 【答案】 → A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. This factory produces machine tools. 【答案】 → Machine tools are produced in this factory. 3. They often make fun of her. 【答案】 → She is often made fun of. 4. Everyone respects her. 【答案】 → She is respected by everyone. 5. We clean our classroom every day. 【答案】 → Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 6. Do you wash your clothes very often? 【答案】 → Are your clothes washed very often? 7. Most people in the USA spea