承压容器焊接接头残余应力测试及有限元分析精要.doc

承压容器焊接接头残余应力测试及有限元分析 摘 要 承压容器是以流程性材料(气体、液体、粉粒体等)的压力为基本载荷，应用广泛但具备潜在危险泄漏和专用的特殊设备，如锅炉，压力容器（包括气瓶），压力管道。承压装备是在石油化工，天然气化工和煤化工加工行业的关键设备。没有安全可靠的承压装备，就不能够实现先进的流程工业。此外，一些高科技领域如航天，能源技术，先进防御技术，更离不开承压装备。承压容器向着大型化发展，以此来提高生产效率，满足国民经济发展的需要，为防止承压容器的失效事故，尤其是一些破裂事故的发生，承压容器的质量保证显得尤为主要。而承压容器质量保证的关键原因之一就是其焊接接头残余应力的处理，本文通过实际应力测量手段并和有限元仿真分析手段，先后对承压设备材料的厚板，以及承压设备焊接接头的工作应力和焊接残余应力进行了测量分析。对焊接应力的影响因素作了介绍，并对残余应力的控制做了分析和提出建议。 总之通过研究我们对承压设备焊接接头的应力有更深的了解，并对承压容器消除应力的有效方式有深入分析。 关键词：承压容器；残余应力；有限元；消除应力 Abstract Pressure vessel is a process of material (gas, liquid, powder, etc.) the pressure is the basic load, the application is widespread but has the potential hazardous leakage and special equipment, such as boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipe. Pressure equipment is the key equipment in the petrochemical industry, natural gas chemical industry and coal chemical processing industry. There is no safe and reliable pressure equipment, it is not able to achieve advanced process industry. In addition, some high-tech fields such as aerospace, energy technology, advanced defense technology, more can not be separated from the pressure equipment. The pressure vessel is developing to the large-scale development, in order to improve the production efficiency, meet the needs of the national economic development, in order to prevent the failure of the pressure vessel, especially the occurrence of a number of rupture, the quality assurance of the pressure vessel is particularly important. And the key reason for the quality assurance of pressure vessel is the treatment of the residual stress of the welded joints. This paper analyzes the working stress and welding residual stress of the heavy equipment and the welding joints with the actual stress measurement and finite element simulation. The influencing factors of welding stress are introduced, and the control of residual stress is analyzed and some suggestions are put forward. In short, we have a deeper understanding of the stress of