动名词的用法及练习题.docVIP

动名词的用法 1．动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. Seeing is believing. Smoking may cause cancer.。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.? 动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is …和There is …两种句式来表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.It needs time to make three copies of it. ?Its nice talking with you.? 。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. It is no use waiting for him any longer. It is no good learning without practice.There is no joking about such matters. There is no harm in doing so.? ?2）作定语?动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：?swimming pool 游泳池??? reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖???? floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词??? listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室??? running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家? working people 劳动人民sleeping child 熟睡孩子?3作表语?动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：?His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。?动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如：?The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。?Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。 He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. ①admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help（情不自禁），can’t stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。 ②forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动