低电平测量术语.docVIP

低电平测量手册专栏 第4节 Understanding Instrument Specifications 正确理解仪器的技术指标 低电平测量 技术指标 ??????? Knowing how to interpret instrument specifications properly is an important aspect of making good low level measurements. Although instrument accuracy is probably the most important of these specifications, there are several other factors to consider when reviewing specifications, including noise, deratings, and speed. ????? 正确理解仪器的技术指标对于做好低电平测量工作是十分重要的。虽然在众多技术指标中准确度占据主要地位，但是诸如噪声、漂移、速度和其它可能降低技术指标的参数亦不容忽略。1.4.1 Definition of Accuracy Terms? 准确度术语的定义 ??????? This section defines a number of terms related to instrument accuracy. Some of these terms are further discussed in subsequent paragraphs. Table 1-1 summarizes conversion factors for various specifications associated with instruments.???????? 本节给出了有关仪器准确度的若干术语的定义。其中一些术语将在后续段落中予以讨论。表1-1汇总了与仪器各项技术指标有关的参数间的换算关系。 SENSITIVITY - the smallest change in the signal that can be detected.??灵敏度(SENSITIVITY) － 仪器所能检测得到的信号中的最小变化量。 RESOLUTION - the smallest portion of the signal that can be observed. 分辨率(RESOLUTION) － 仪器所能检测到的最小信号所占的比例分量。 REPEATABILITY - the closeness of agreement between successive measurements carried out under the same conditions.重复性(REPEATABILITY) － 在相同测试条件下相邻的成功测量结果之间的一致性。 REPRODUCIBILITY - the closeness of agreement between measurements of the same quantity carried out with a stated change in conditions.再现性(REPRODUCIBILITY) － 在给定的变化条件下，相同量值测试结果之间的一致性。 ABSOLUTE ACCURACY - the closeness of agreement between the result of a measurement and its true value or accepted standard value. Accuracy is often separated into gain and offset terms. 绝对准确度(ABSOLUTE ACCURACY) － 测量结果与被测量真值或其标准认定值之间的接近程度。准确度常被分成增益和偏置二项。 RELATIVE ACCURACY - the extent to which a measurement accurately reflects the relationship between an unknown and a reference value. 相对准确度(RELATIVE ACCURACY) － 用被测值与参考值之间的相对关系表示出的测量准确度。 ERROR - the deviation (difference or ratio) of a measurement from its true value. Note that true values are by their natu