自我血糖监测在糖尿病治疗中的作用要点.ppt

* Conventional therapy consisted of one or two daily injections of insulin, including mixed intermediate and rapid-acting insulins, daily self-monitoring of urine or blood glucose, and education about diet and exercise13,25. Conventional therapy did not usually include daily adjustments in the insulin dosage. The goals of conventional therapy included the absence of symptoms attributable to glycosuria or hyperglycemia; the absence of ketonuria; the maintenance of normal growth, development, and ideal body weight; and freedom from severe or frequent hypoglycemia. Women who became pregnant or were planning a pregnancy received intensive therapy until the time of delivery, after which they resumed conventional treatment. Patients in the conventional-therapy group were examined every three months. Intensive therapy included the administration of insulin three or more times daily by injection or an external pump. The dosage was adjusted according to the results of self-monitoring of blood glucose performed at least four times per day, dietary intake, and anticipated exercise. The goals of intensive therapy included preprandial blood glucose concentrations between 70 and 120 mg per deciliter (3.9 and 6.7 mmol per liter), postprandial concentrations of less than 180 mg per deciliter (10 mmol per liter), a weekly 3-a.m. measurement greater than 65 mg per deciliter (3.6 mmol per liter), and hemoglobin A1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), measured monthly, within the normal range (less than 6.05 percent). The patients initially chose either multiple injections or pump therapy and could subsequently change to the other method if their glycemic goals were not achieved or if such was their preference. The patients in the intensive-therapy group visited their study center each month and were contacted even more frequently by telephone to review and adjust their regimens. * Conventional therapy consisted of one or two daily injections of insulin, including mixed intermediate and rapi