化学专业英语-命名(改)教案详解.ppt

化合物的英文命名 一 无机物的命名 Inorganic compounds 1 元素与单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。 S-block Element IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium IIA ? Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium  P-block Element Common Transition Elememt Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold 2　化合物的命名 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀 但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。 Naming metal ions cations for metal oxides, bases and salts 1. Single valence ions Cation’s name Element for example: Na+ sodium Al3+ aluminum K+ potassium Ca2+ calcium 2.Multivalence ions Cation’s name Element N For example: Fe2+ Iron II or ferrous Fe3+ Iron III or Ferric Cr2+ Chromium II Cr3+ Chromium III Mn4+ Manganese IV Mn2+ Manganese II Cu+ Copper I or cuprous Cu2+ Copper II or cupric Sn2+ Tin II or stannous Sn4+ Tin IV or stannic Hg22+ Mercury I or mercurous Hg2+ Mercury II or mercuric Naming nonmetal ions anions 1. Monatomic anions Anion’s name Element’s root -ide For example: Cl- chloride O2- oxide Br- bromide H- hydride I- iodide CN- cyanide S2- sulfide OH- hydroxide 2. Polyatomic oxyanions 1 . Acid radicals for normal salt 正酸根 -ate Anion’s name Central Element’s root -ate for example: ClO3- chlorate IO3- iodate PO43- phosphate NO3- nitrate SO42- sulfate CO32- carbonate 2 . Acid radicals for meta-salts 亚酸根 -ite Anion’s name Central element’s root -ite for example: ClO2- chlorite IO2- iodite PO33- phosphite NO2- nitrite SO32- sulfite 3 . Acid radicals for hypo-salts 次酸根 -ite Anion’s name Hypo- Central element’s root -ite for example: ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite 4 . Acid radicals for persalts 高酸根per -ate Anion’s name per-central Element’s root -ate