幼儿同伴关系存在的问题及教育对策解析.docVIP

摘 要 幼儿期是幼儿同伴关系开始发展的时期，幼儿同伴关系的发展对幼儿的认知能力、社会能力、自我概念和人格的健康发展和积极情感的形成具有重要影响。目前约幼儿的同伴关系中存在以自我为中心的问题突出、有明显的攻击性行为、幼儿之间存在排斥现象等不足。影响幼儿同伴关系发展的主要因素有幼儿自身的性格特点、情绪表达、交往技巧，有来自于家庭的家庭关系、教养方式和家庭环境；也有来自于教师的态度、教育方式及为幼儿提供的活动材料等。要帮助幼儿建立良好同伴关系，幼儿教师应为为幼儿创设宽松的交流环境，加强正面引导，授予幼儿必要的社会交往技能；家长应该和幼儿园保持一致，为幼儿创设良好的家庭环境，改变错误的教养态度与方法，注意培养幼儿的兴趣和爱好。 关键词：幼儿；同伴关系；影响因素；建立策略 ABSTRACT Early childhood is the period of early childhood began to develop peer relationships, peer relationships development of children has an important influence on the formation of the healthy development of childrens cognitive, social competence, self-concept and personality and positive emotions.About childrens peer relationships that exist currently self-centered issues outstanding, with a clear aggressive behavior, exclusion and other deficiencies among young children.The main factors affecting the children peer relations have children of their own character, emotional expression, communication skills, have come from the family of family relationships, parenting style and home environments; also attitude from teachers, education and activities for young children provided materials.To help children establish good peer relations, preschool teachers should be for the children to create a relaxed communication environment, strengthen the positive guidance, to grant the necessary social interaction skills children; parents should be consistent and kindergartens for the children create a good family environment, change wrong parenting attitudes and methods, to cultivate childrens interests and hobbies. Keywords: Preschool;Peer Relationships;Factors;establish policies目 录 第一章 前言 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 第二章 良好同伴关系建立的重要性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1. 良好同伴关系的积极作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1.1良好的同伴关系可以促进幼儿认知能力的发展．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1.2良好的同伴关系可以促进幼儿社会能力的发展．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1.3良好的同伴关系有利于幼儿自我概念和人格的发展．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1.4良好的同伴关系有利于幼儿形成积极的情感．．．．．．