election讲解.ppt

Democratic Party ---Donkeys Republican Party ---Elephant? 两党核心选民分布 ★民主党的核心选民主要由黑人 (Africa-American)、犹太人(Jew)、拉美裔美国人(Latin America-American)、工会会员(member of labor union)、天主教徒(Catholic)、自由派知识分子(liberal intellectuals)等构成。 ★共和党的核心选民主要由“圣经带” Bible Belt (美国南部、中部和中西部福音基督教派比较流行的地区)白人(white men)、企业家(entrepreneurs)、保守派知识分子(conservative intellectuals)等构成。 非核心选民的分布 ★女性选民多支持民主党,而男性选民多支持共和党; ★中高收入阶层的选民多投共和党的票,而中低收入阶层的选民多投民主党的票; ★东西两岸(New York, California)的选民多支持民主党,而内陆地区(Kansas, Indiana)的选民多支持共和党; ★自由派的选民支持民主党的多,而保守派的选民支持共和党的多。 Parties Move Towards The Center . Both parties want votes. parties become more moderate, moving away from extreme positions. The United States Presidential Election Process: Qualification At least 35 years old A natural born citizen of the United States A resident of the United States for 14 years Step I: Primaries In these elections, party members get to vote for the candidate that will represent their party in the upcoming general election. ( 基层代表会议→县党代会→州党代会→全国党代会) Step 2: National Conventions finalize the selection of one Presidential nominee. each Presidential candidate chooses a running-mate (or Vice-Presidential candidate). Step 4: The Electoral College 民主党萨缪尔·提尔登, 选民票约50.9% ,选举人票184 ★ 1876 共和党拉瑟福特·海斯(Rutherford B. Hayes ) 选民票47.9% ,选举人票185 海斯以一票优势当选第19任总统 Cont’d In December, following the November Election, the winning electors in each state go to their respective state capitals and cast their votes and send them to Congress 假设有3个州A、B、C,两个总统候选人1和2,每个州各有1个选举人名额,又假设这3个州的选民相等,均为10个。经选举,结果是:     A1=6  A2=4     B1=7  B2=3     C1=4  C2=6   -------------------------   Total1=17  Total2=13 那么,选出的总统就是1。   这是一般势均力敌的情形。但作为一种科学的模型,还应该考虑各种特殊的状态。   假设选举结果是这样:     A1=6  A2=4     B1=7  B2=3     C1=1  C2=9   -------------------------   Total1=14  Total2=16 假设A州有2个选举人票,B州有3个选举人票,C州有6个选举人票,仍然是以上情形一的选举结果:     A1=6  A2=4  2     B

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