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Gas Flaring and CDM An Environmental Opportunity A Methodological Challenge Christophe de GOUVELLO Member of the MethPanel of the CDM World Bank, Energy Division for Africa - AFTEG Views expressed by the author are not representing neither MethPanel nor WB positions /game/294.html 神龙传奇:雪原苍龙 Summary of the Presentation CDM Principles and Project Cycle Implementation of the CDM: Where we stand Gas Flaring and CDM : A major issue, comparable in size to HFC 23 CDM and GGFR: Toward Synergy ? * ICDM Principles and Project Cycle * Reduction of Emissions achieved by a Project compared to the scenario without CDM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Years of operation of the project CO2 Emissions (in ktCO ) 0 50 100 150 200 2 Baseline Emissions (to be determined ex ante) Emissions of the CDM project (to be monitored along crediting period) Volume of Certified Emissions Reductions (CER) Methodologies required for : Determination of Baseline Emissions Monitoring CDM Project Emissions Calculation of Emission Reductions * A key concept: ADDITIONALITY 1 CER = 1 more ton CO2 emitted in Annex 1 countries Only emission reductions that are ADDITIONAL to emission reductions that would have occurred without CDM Not all “Emission Reductions” are eligible to CDMEx: least cost hydro may or may not be eligible Additionality established on the basis of: Financial Analysis : Additional cost, lower IRR, etc… OR: Barriers preventing the “clean” project to take place: Difficulties to achieve financial closure (no long term commercial loans) Technology Risk: first of kind in the country (high pressure boilers Cogen) Social / market acceptability (scavengers resettlement for landfill gas to power) Etc. * CDM Executive Board?  Approves Baseline and Monitoring Methodologies Accredits the Certifiers (Operational Entities) Designed Operational Entities Project Host Country Forwards the Application for Validation and Registration validation report and registration application P