平衡潮理论解析.ppt

Equilibrium Tide Theory Dynamic Tidal Analysis The mathematical study of the actual tides as they really occur on Earth is called dynamic tidal analysis. Modified by the landmasses, the geometry of the ocean basins, and the earth’s rotation Amphidromic development Tides in broad basins Amphidromic Systems Basin geometry and the Coriolis Force Amphidromic point (无潮点) Tidal range is zero Co-tidal lines （等潮时线） Radiate outward from the amphidromic point. Co-range lines （等潮差线） Concentric about the amphidromic point. Larger tidal ranges occur the further one is away from the amphidromic point. Amphidromic Point of a Rotary Tide Theoretical and Actual Rotary Tide Depicted using Cotidal Lines (solid) and Corange Lines (dashed) Earth’s Rotary Tides Depicted with Cotidal Lines Earth’s Corange Lines Amphidromic Systems (con’t) Confined amphidromic systems are types of Kelvin Waves in which the restoring force (gravity since it has a long wavelength) is reinforced near the coasts by forces generated by the head of water associated with the sloping sea surface (horizontal pressure gradient force). These occur where the deflection caused by the Coriolis Force is either constrained (as at the coasts) or is zero (as at the equator). In long and narrow basins tides can not rotate. Currents in these basins simply reverse direction between high and low tide, flowing in with the high tide and out with the low tide. Cotidal and corange lines are nearly parallel to each other. Tidal ranges increase if a bay tapers landward because water is funneled towards the basin’s narrow end. Tidal resonance occurs if the period of the basin is similar to the tidal period. Resonance can greatly enhance the tidal range. A tidal bore is a wall of water that surges upriver with the advancing high tide. Review 长海峡的潮波潮流 1)前进波 2)高低潮,流速达最大;高潮与波向同, 低潮与波向反 3) 半潮面：v=0 4)沿潮波方向看，北半球右岸的潮差大于左岸的潮差;南半球相反 窄长半封闭海湾的潮波潮流（海湾长度不大于?/4） 1）驻波 2）高、低潮时，潮流流速处处为0 3）涨潮期间，潮流向湾内，涨至半潮面，流速最大；退潮期间，潮流向湾外，退