theformsofUSgov.美国政府机构要点.ppt

Rreasons: The enforcement of some programmes need the Federal government. Words in Constitution did not give exact definitions for some issues The Democratic Party 民主党于1791年建党，当时由部分种植园主、农民和某些与南方奴隶主，资本家组成。曾名共和党和民主共和党。1828改称现名。1933-1953年，民主党人罗斯福和杜鲁门先后任总统，民主党连续执政20年，是该党最兴旺发达时期。 The Republic Party 共和党成立于1854年，当时主要由反对扩大奴隶制的北方工商业的资本家组成。1861年林肯就任总统，共和党首次执政，至1933年的70多年中，除16年外均为共和党执政。 Aims of the Constitution: definition and limitation of political power safegards against tyranny（专制） means for popular participation Election year: In November each leap year Vice-President →President(for the left of the four years if the President died) The President → the English king, No resign of the President is expected.(up to 1974 no resign) have no defined function(unless the President died) regard the office as a base to win their partys next candidature for the Presidency Nixon did it. Nixon （The Watergate Affair水门事件）指美国共和党政府在1972年总统竞选运动中的非法活动暴露后的政治丑闻。 　The Wartergate is a building in Wangshiton D.C. on June 17th in 1972, five people was arrested because they broke in the Democratic Party National （民主党全国总部）headquarters. The investigation shows the Wartergate Affair was just one of the activities that the Nixon administration had taken to destroy the election process. results: some government afficials was end up in prison and Nixon became the first President who resigned in his term. (Abraham Lincoln) 共和党 1861－1865 (James Garfield) 共和党 1881 (William McKinley) 共和党 1897－1901 (John F. Kennedy) 民主党 1961－1963 Franklin Roosevelt: three full terms and died in his fourth term. In 1951, a constitutional amendment set a limit of two terms. a government that can guarantee each person can live his own life without fear of being ill-treated or interfered with by political or religious authorities.---(achieved in nearly 200 years) to be free of the damage and misery caused by war; to be free of the religious persecution(宗教迫害)---(Civil War---the only f