2012本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案.docVIP

I. Definition [分值调整：考4个，每个5分] 20% Dramatic monologue Dramatic monologue is a type of lyric poem perfected by Robert Browning as represented by his ‘My Last Duchess’, ‘The Ring and the Book’, etc. Dramatic has the following features: (1) a single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment. (2) This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people whose presence is imaginary. (3) The main principle controlling the poet’s composition is to reveal to the reader the speaker’s temperament and character. Sentimentalism A term applied to what is perceived to be an over-indulgence in the tender emotions of human heart, sentimentalism came into being in the middle of the 18th century Britain as the result of bitter discontent and dissatisfaction among the enlightened people with social reality and the principles of order and reason preached by the classicists. Sentimentalism turned to the countryside for its material and is in striking contrast to classicism, which confined itself to the clubs, drawing-rooms, social and political life. The poetry of sentimentalists is marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken, expropriated peasants. Transcendentalism Transcendentalism, a philosophical and literary movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a protest to the intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of Unitarian church, drew its source from Kantian idealism and Oriental mysticism. It was the reassertion of religious idealism of the Puritan past and Franklin’s ideal about self-culture and self-improvement. Emphasis was placed on the coexistence of the Oversoul, the individual and Nature. Emerson’s Nature served as its manifestation and Thoreau tested its values in Walden by withdrawing from societal complexities and distractions to a life of solitude and self-reliance in nature. Transcendentalism Byronic Hero The Byronic hero is a variant