Queue运筹学.ppt

基本模型 M/M/1 模型 M/M/c 模型 其他模型 结束语 基本的排队模型 基本组成 概念与记号 指数分布和生灭过程 基本组成 基本排队模型 － 输入过程 顾客来源 有限/无限 顾客数量 有限 无限 经常性的顾客来源. 顾客到达间隔时间: 到下一个顾客到达的时间. 服从某一概率分布. (指数分布) 顾客的行为假定为: 在未服务之前不会离开; 当看到队列很长的时候离开； 从一个队列移到另一个队列。 基本排队模型－队列/排队规则 队列 队列容量 有限/无限 排队规则 先来先服务（FCFS）；后来先服务； 随机服务；有优先权的服务； 基本排队模型－服务规则 服务机构 服务设施， 服务渠道与服务台 服务台数量 服务时间分布: 指数, 常数, k级Erlang 基本排队模型－记号方案 基本排队模型－记号 基本排队模型－统计平稳条件下的记号 统计平稳条件下的记号 L, W, Lq, Wq 结束语 排队论是专门研究带有随机因素，产生拥挤现象的优化理论。也称为随机服务系统。 排队论应用十分广泛。 * * 15 Queuing Theory Prototype Example Basic Structure of Queuing Models The role of the Exponential Distribution The birth-and-death Process Queueing Model Based on the Birth-and-Death Process The emergency room of county hospital provides quick medical care for emergency cases brought to the hospital by ambulance or private automobile. At any hour there is always one doctor on duty in the emergency room. However, because of a growing tendency for emergency cases to use these facilities rather than go to a private physician, the hospital has been experiencing a continuing increase in the number if emergency room visits each year. As a result, it has become quite common for patients arriving during peak usage hours (the early evening) to have to wait until it is their turn to be treated by the doctor. 15.1 Prototype Example 15 Queuing Theory Therefore, a proposal has been made that a second doctor should be assigned to the emergency room during these hours, so that two emergency cases can be treated simultaneously. The hospital’s management engineer has been assigned to study this question. The management engineer began by gathering the relevant historical data and then projecting these data into the next year. Recognizing that the emergency room is a queuing system, she applied several alternative queuing theory models to predict the waiting characteristics of the system with one doctor and with two doctors, as you will see in the latter sections of this chapter. 15.1 Prototype Example 输入来源 队 列 服务机构 排队系统