语言学模拟题.docVIP

语言学模拟题 Fill in the blanks(20分) Phonetic(语音学的),as one of the sub-branches of linguistics, is the study of speech sounds.P17 The field of study which investigates(研究) the interrelation of language and mind is called psycholinguistics.P21 The major function of grammatical words is to express grammatical meaning.(which is also known as function words)P80 According to G. Leech thematic (主题的) meaning is related with the way in which the message is organized in term of order and emphasis.P159 The basic requirements that a test must fulfill are validity（测验效度,有效性, 真实性）and reliability(信度, 可靠性).P381 二、Answer the following questions or define the terms as required using examples if necessary.(40分) 1.What is the syntagmatic relationship(组合关系)?P119 In Saussure’s view, language is a system of signs, each of which consists of two parts: SIGNIFIED(所指，意味, 意义)（concept）and SIGNIFIER（能指） (sound image语音映像)). And the relationship between these two parts is arbitrary. Therefore the linguist cannot attempt to explain individual signs in a piecemeal零碎的fashion. Instead he must try to find the value of a sign from its relations to others, or rather, its position in the system. The two principal types of relations which Saussure identified确定 are syntagmatic组合关系and paradigmatic relations聚合关系. The syntagmatic relationship is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present, such as the relation between weather and the others in the following sentence: If the weather is nice, we’ll go out. There are syntactic and semantic语义的conditions the words in a syntagmatic relation must meet. For example, 1 below is an acceptable sentence, but 2 and 3 are not: The boy kicked the ball. Boy the ball kicked the. The ball kicked the boy. The paradigmatic relation, Saussure originally called Associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent. F