ReactionMechanismandDeactivationModesofHeterogeneousCatalyticSystems.pdfVIP

2011 Chinese Journal of Catalysis Vol. 32 No. 3 Article ID: 0253-9837(2011)03-0387-18 DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(10)60181-7 Review: 387–404 Reaction Mechanism and Deactivation Modes of Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems 1 2,* 2 2 K. KUMBILIEVA , L. PETROV , Y. ALHAMED , A. ALZAHRANI 1 Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria 2SABIC Chair of Catalysis, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Solving the problem of catalyst deactivation is essential in process design. To do this, various aspects of the kinetics of processes with catalyst deactivation, and their different mechanisms, are discussed. Catalyst deactivation often cannot be avoided, but more knowledge on its mechanism can help to find kinetic means to reduce its harmful consequences. When deactivation is caused by coke, the generation of coke precursors is the determining step in the deactivation kinetics. Different types of deactivation were distinguished that lead to different evolution of the process. The phenomenon of non-uniform coking can be linked to catalyst surface non-uniformity. For the class of catalysts with more than one type of active sites, an explanation was suggested for the observed trends in the deactivation modes. For catalytic proc- esses using catalyst particles of industrial size, the influence of intraparticle diffusion resistance is important. The analysis showed that for a number of processes