插值方法初探与应用 毕业论文.docVIP

插值方法初探与应用 摘要 插值法是计算数学中的一种重要的方法，而且计算问题可以说是现代社会各个领域普遍存在的共同问题，无论哪一行哪一业都有许多数据需要处理，插值法正在科学技术中发挥越来越大的作用.本文首先介绍了插值法的概念，并进一步讨论了插值问题的存在性与唯一性；由该性质出发，结合数学归纳法与猜想法构造性的引出拉格朗日插值法.但拉格朗日插值法随着插值结点的变化，会引起重复计算的问题；为克服该问题又引出了牛顿插值.但牛顿插值随着插值结点的增多，会导致多项式的增高插值函数的稳定性降低，为克服该问题又进一步引出分段线性插值.但分段线性插值带来光滑性问题，埃尔米特插值在插值结点处的一阶微商处也符合插值条件，一定程度上克服了这个缺点.三次样条插值能够很好的求出插值结点处的微商值，因此在这些方面，三次样条插值代替了埃尔米特插值.其次介绍了插值法在初高中的一些问题上的应用，为了说明插值法并不是陌生的知识；最后介绍了插值法在热工计算上及温度预测上的处理数据的实际应用. 关键字：插值；插值结点；拉格朗日插值；热工计算；温度预测 Preliminary syudy and application of interpolation method abstract Interpolation method is a kind of important methods of computational mathematics, and computing problems can be said to be the common problems of each modern social domain, no matter which field it is, many data need dealing with, and interpolation is playing a more and more important role in science and technology. This paper first introduces the concept of interpolation method, and further discusses the existence and uniqueness of the interpolation problem. Starting from the nature, combined with the method of mathematical induction and conjecture leads Lagrange interpolation method constructively. But the Lagrange interpolation method will cause repeated calculation problems with the change of the interpolation node. In order to overcome this problem, piecewise linear interpolation the Newton interpolation is introduced. But piecewise linear interpolation Newton interpolation can lead to the reduction of the stability of higher polynomial interpolation function along with the increase in interpolation nodes, in order to overcome this problem, is introduced. But the piecewise linear interpolation bring smoothness problem, Hermite interpolation order interpolation nodes in the micro business is also in line with the interpolation conditions, to a certain extent, overcomes this drawback. Cubic spline interpolation is good for the derivative of the interpolation node value, so in these respects, cubic spline interpolation can replace Hermite inter