矩阵的特征值与特征向量-（本科）毕业论文.doc

矩阵的特征值与特征向量 摘 要 本文介绍了矩阵的特征值与特征向量的一些基本性质及定理，通过分析基本性质和定理来得出它们的基本求解方法，并延伸到一些特殊求解法。接下来还介绍了一类特殊矩阵——实对称矩阵的特征值与特征向量，这让读者对矩阵的特征值与特征向量有更进一步的理解。最后给出了矩阵的特征值与特征向量在实际中的应用例子。这让我们明白研究它们不仅仅因为它们是学术知识，更是为了将它们应用到实际中去，解决实际问题，让我们的社会得到更快的发展。通过阅读这篇文章，可以使读者在以后的学习中对矩阵的求解更容易掌握。 关键词： 矩阵、特征值、特征向量、正交、线性相关、线性无关、特征多项式  Matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector Zhong Yueyuan (Science and information science department 2009 level of mathematics and applied mathematics at Shaoyang University in Hunan.) Abstract This paper introduces the value and some basic properties and theorems of eigenvectors of the matrix characteristic, through the analysis of the basic properties and theorems to derive basic solving method for them, and extends to some special method. Then it introduces the characteristics of a class of special matrix -- the real symmetric matrix value and the characteristic vector, the reader of matrices have further understanding and feature vector. Finally gives the matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector of the application in the actual example.Let us understand this study them not only because they are the academic knowledge, but also to apply them to practice, to solve practical problems, to make our society develop quickly. By reading this article, readers can learn in the future to solve the matrix is easier to grasp. Key word : Matrix, eigenvalue, eigenvector, orthogonal, linear correlation, linear independence, characteristic polynomial  目 录 中文摘要...................................................................................................Ⅰ Abstract.........................................................................................................Ⅱ 引言...........................................................................................................1 1 矩阵的特征值与特征向量................................................................1 1.1 矩阵的特征值与特征向量的定义及基本理论........